\u4e8c\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a
\nCREATE DATABASE db_name OWNER role_name;<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n
PostgreSQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e00\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u7279\u6b8a\u503c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u914d\u7f6e\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7f3a\u7701\u503c\u3002\nALTER DATABASE db_name SET varname TO new_value;\n\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u503c\u5df2\u7ecf\u751f\u6548\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u64a4\u6d88\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5e76\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u539f\u6709\u7684\u7f3a\u7701\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\nALTER DATABASE dbname RESET varname;<\/code><\/pre>\n\u56db\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u53ea\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5c06\u4f1a\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6062\u590d\u7684\u3002\u89c1\u5982\u4e0b\u5220\u9664SQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\nDROP DATABASE db_name;<\/code><\/pre>\n\u4e94\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5728PostgreSQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u7ec4\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8be5\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u4e00\u4e2aPostgreSQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u5e03\u5c40\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u5ea6\u7b49\u53c2\u7167\u6765\u89c4\u5212\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u51cf\u5c11IO\u7b49\u5f85\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f18\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u8fd0\u884c\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u653e\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u56fa\u6001\u786c\u76d8\u3002\u800c\u5c06\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u6162\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\nCREATE TABLESPACE fastspace LOCATION '\/mnt\/sda1\/postgresql\/data';\n\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e14\u5c5e\u4e8ePostgreSQL\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5982postgres\u3002\u5728\u6210\u529f\u521b\u5efa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u8be5\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u3002\n\u5728PostgreSQL\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6210\u529f\u521b\u5efa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8\u666e\u901a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u5728\u5176\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e86\u3002\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u6388\u4e88CREATE\u6743\u9650\u3002\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u3002\u89c1\u5982\u4e0bSQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\nCREATE TABLE foo(i int) TABLESPACE space1;\n\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539default_tablespace\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u6210\u4e3a\u7f3a\u7701\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c06\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u5728\u7f3a\u7701\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\nSET default_tablespace = space1;\nCREATE TABLE foo(i int);\n\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n\u8981\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528DROP TABLESPACE\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8981\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5c06\u8be5\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u5168\u90e8\u5220\u9664\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u5728\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\n\u8981\u68c0\u7d22\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dpg_tablespace\u4e3aPostgreSQL\u4e2d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8868\u3002\nSELECT spcname FROM pg_tablespace;\n\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7psql\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\\db\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u51fa\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u4e00\u3001\u6062\u590d\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5728PostgreSQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528delete\u548cupdate\u8bed\u53e5\u5220\u9664\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u884c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5b9e\u9645\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u6570\u636e\u884c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u4e0a\u5c06\u8be5\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u6216\u5df2\u8fc7\u671f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53d8\u5316\u6781\u4e3a\u9891\u7e41\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u540e\u8be5\u8868\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5374\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u671f\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u53d8\u5316\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868\u6267\u884cVACUUM\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\nVACUUM\u547d\u4ee4\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0cVACUUM\u548cVACUUM FULL\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u89c1\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u683c\uff1a\n\n \u65e0VACUUM VACUUM VACUUM FULL<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5220\u9664\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u540e \u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5df2\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u8be5\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5220\u9664\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8868\u7684\u672b\u7aef\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u7269\u7406\u91ca\u653e\u5e76\u5f52\u8fd8\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u672b\u7aef\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u8868\u6216\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cd\u65b0\u7f6e\u4e3a\u53ef\u7528\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u4eca\u540e\u6709\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u63d2\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u7528\u5b8c\u65f6\uff0c\u518d\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u9875\u9762\u3002 \u4e0d\u8bba\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u5904\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7684\u672b\u7aef\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u7269\u7406\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u5e76\u5f52\u8fd8\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u6709\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u63d2\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5206\u914d\u65b0\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u9875\u9762\u4ee5\u4f9b\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\n\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387 \u7531\u4e8e\u53ea\u662f\u72b6\u6001\u7f6e\u4e3a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002 \u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c\u7684PostgreSQL(v9.1)\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8868\u6216\u7d22\u5f15\u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u5165\u5230\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u5220\u9664\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5bfc\u5165\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5f53\u524d\u78c1\u76d8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002
\n\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u89c4\u5212\u7ed9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002 \u4e0d\u4f1a \u4e0d\u4f1a \u4f1a
\n\u5728\u6267\u884cVACUUM\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u9488\u5bf9\u8be5\u8868\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 \u7531\u4e8e\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u9501\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u3002 \u7531\u4e8e\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8868\u4e0a\u5e94\u7528\u6392\u5b83\u9501\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u8868\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u6302\u8d77\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
\n\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u7a7a\u662f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528truncate\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u7684\u6e05\u7a7a\u6570\u636e\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f4\u63a5\u5f52\u8fd8\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u9875\u9762\u6570\u91cf\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u671f\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u6bcf\u5929\u6216\u6bcf\u5468\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u65f6\u6bb5\u3002 \u8003\u8651\u5230\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6392\u65a5\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u8868\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u786e\u8ba4\u5176\u78c1\u76d8\u9875\u9762\u5360\u6709\u91cf\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u8003\u8651\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5c3d\u91cf\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u65f6\u6bb5\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
\n\u6267\u884c\u540e\u5176\u5b83\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6548\u7387 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u9875\u9762\u788e\u7247\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6548\u7387\u4f1a\u9010\u6b65\u964d\u4f4e\u3002 \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55VACUUM\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u964d\u4f4e\u3002 \u5728\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u8868\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u6781\u5927\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u89c4\u5212\u5668\u7edf\u8ba1\uff1a<\/p>\n
PostgreSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u89c4\u5212\u5668\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f18\u8def\u5f84\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u53c2\u7167\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u751f\u6210\u6700\u5408\u7406\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7edf\u8ba1\u662f\u901a\u8fc7ANALYZE\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u505aVACUUM\u547d\u4ee4\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u6b65\u9aa4\u6765\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u5982VACUUM ANAYLYZE table_name\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u4f1a\u5148\u6267\u884cVACUUM\u518d\u6267\u884cANALYZE\u3002\u4e0e\u56de\u6536\u7a7a\u95f4(VACUUM)\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u8868\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u5b9a\u9891\u5ea6\u7684ANALYZE\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u8be5\u8868\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u59cb\u7ec8\u5904\u4e8e\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u8868\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316\u5c06\u662f\u6781\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u65b0\u5e76\u4e0d\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\n\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8868\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8868\u4e2d\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u8fd0\u884cANALYZE\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ea\u5bf9\u66f4\u65b0\u6bd4\u8f83\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u6267\u884cANALYZE\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u672c\u6b21ANALYZE\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0cANALYZE\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u76f8\u5f53\u5feb\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u8868\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u968f\u673a\u91c7\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u884c\u91c7\u6837\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u8bfb\u53d6\u8fdb\u6765\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u5b9a\u671f\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\n\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u62bd\u6837\u7387\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\nALTER TABLE testtable ALTER COLUMN test_col SET STATISTICS 200\n\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u662f0--1000\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u503c\u8d8a\u4f4e\u91c7\u6837\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u662fANALYZE\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5374\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u8be5\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a-1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u91c7\u6837\u6bd4\u7387\u5c06\u6062\u590d\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u91c7\u6837\u503c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7f3a\u7701\u91c7\u6837\u503c\u3002\npostgres=# show default_statistics_target;\n default_statistics_target\n---------------------------\n 100\n(1 row)\n\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7f3a\u7701\u91c7\u6837\u503c\u4e3a100(10%)\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\u4e09\u3001VACUUM\u548cANALYZE\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
#1. \u521b\u5efa\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\u8868\u3002\npostgres=# CREATE TABLE testtable (i integer);\nCREATE TABLE\n#2. \u4e3a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8868\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\npostgres=# CREATE INDEX testtable_idx ON testtable(i);\nCREATE INDEX\n#3. \u521b\u5efa\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\npostgres=# CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION test_insert() returns integer AS $$\nDECLARE\n min integer;\n max integer;\nBEGIN\n SELECT COUNT(*) INTO min from testtable;\n max := min + 10000;\n FOR i IN min..max LOOP\n INSERT INTO testtable VALUES(i);\n END LOOP;\n RETURN 0;\nEND;\n$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;\nCREATE FUNCTION\n#4. \u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8868(\u6267\u884c\u56db\u6b21)\npostgres=# SELECT test_insert();\n test_insert\n-------------\n 0\n(1 row)\n#5. \u786e\u8ba4\u56db\u6b21\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u3002\npostgres=# SELECT COUNT(*) FROM testtable;\n count\n-------\n 40004\n(1 row)\n#6. \u5206\u6790\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6709\u5173\u8be5\u8868\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u66f4\u65b0\u5230PostgreSQL\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8868\u3002\npostgres=# ANALYZE testtable;\nANALYZE\n#7. \u67e5\u770b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8868\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u5f53\u524d\u5360\u7528\u7684\u9875\u9762\u6570\u91cf(\u901a\u5e38\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u4e3a8k)\u3002\npostgres=# SELECT relname,relfilenode, relpages FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'testtable' or relname = 'testtable_idx';\n relname | relfilenode | relpages\n---------------+-------------+----------\n testtable | 17601 | 157\n testtable_idx | 17604 | 90\n#8. \u6279\u91cf\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u3002\npostgres=# DELETE FROM testtable WHERE i < 30000;\nDELETE 30003\n#9. \u6267\u884cvacuum\u548canalyze\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u8868\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u8be5\u8868\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u8bb0\u5f55\u9ad8\u6c34\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\n#10. \u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5747\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7684\u524d\u90e8\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5220\u9664\u7684\u662f\u672b\u5c3e\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\n# \u5982where i > 10000\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u6267\u884cVACUUM ANALYZE\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u8868\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u7269\u7406\u7684\u7f29\u5c0f\u3002\npostgres=# VACUUM ANALYZE testtable;\nANALYZE\n#11. \u67e5\u770b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8868\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u5728\u5220\u9664\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u8fc7VACUUM ANALYZE\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c(\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8)\u3002\npostgres=# SELECT relname,relfilenode, relpages FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'testtable' or relname = 'testtable_idx';\n relname | relfilenode | relpages\n---------------+-------------+----------\n testtable | 17601 | 157\n testtable_idx | 17604 | 90\n(2 rows)\n#12. \u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\u4e24\u6b21\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u5728\u5206\u6790\u8be5\u8868\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b0\u5176\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\npostgres=# SELECT test_insert(); --\u6267\u884c\u4e24\u6b21\u3002\n test_insert\n-------------\n 0\n(1 row)\npostgres=# ANALYZE testtable;\nANALYZE\n#13. \u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6570\u636e\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u9875\u9762\u6570\u91cf\u4ecd\u7136\u4e3a\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u9ad8\u6c34\u6807\u8bb0\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u9875\u9762\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\n# \u662f\u548c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u540e\u9762\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u6240\u5360\u7684\u9875\u9762\u6570\u91cf\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\u3002\npostgres=# SELECT relname,relfilenode, relpages FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'testtable' or relname = 'testtable_idx';\n relname | relfilenode | relpages\n---------------+-------------+----------\n testtable | 17601 | 157\n testtable_idx | 17604 | 173\n(2 rows)\npostgres=# SELECT test_insert();\n test_insert\n-------------\n 0\n(1 row)\npostgres=# ANALYZE testtable;\nANALYZE\n#14. \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u9875\u9762\u6570\u91cf\u786e\u5b9e\u6ca1\u6709\u7ee7\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\u3002\npostgres=# SELECT relname,relfilenode, relpages FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'testtable' or relname = 'testtable_idx';\n relname | relfilenode | relpages\n---------------+-------------+----------\n testtable | 17601 | 157\n testtable_idx | 17604 | 173\n(2 rows)\n#15. \u91cd\u65b0\u6279\u91cf\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u3002\npostgres=# DELETE FROM testtable WHERE i < 30000;\nDELETE 19996\n#16. \u4ece\u540e\u9762\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u6267\u884cVACUUM FULL\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8868\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u9875\u9762\u6570\u91cf\n# \u786e\u5b9e\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u5df2\u7ecf\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e86\u3002\npostgres=# VACUUM FULL testtable;\nVACUUM\npostgres=# SELECT relname,relfilenode, relpages FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'testtable' or relname = 'testtable_idx';\n relname | relfilenode | relpages\n---------------+-------------+----------\n testtable | 17602 | 118\n testtable_idx | 17605 | 68\n(2 rows)<\/code><\/pre>\n\u56db\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u91cd\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5728PostgreSQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868\u5b9a\u671f\u91cd\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15(REINDEX INDEX)\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eB-Tree\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u6e05\u7a7a\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u9875\u624d\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ec5\u90e8\u5206\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u9875\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7d22\u5f15\u952e\u503c\u90fd\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u53ea\u7559\u4e0b\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u9875\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u5e76\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u6781\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7d22\u5f15\u6587\u4ef6\u53d8\u5f97\u6781\u4e3a\u5e9e\u5927\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u586b\u6ee1\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u91cd\u5efa\u540e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0a\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u9875\u9762\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u5f80\u5f80\u4e5f\u662f\u8fde\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u78c1\u76d8\u9875\u9762\u88ab\u8fde\u7eed\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u51e0\u7387\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6574\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684IO\u6548\u7387\u3002\u89c1\u5982\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\n#1. \u6b64\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u8be5\u8868\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u7ea66\u4e07\u6761\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002 \npostgres=# SELECT relname, pg_relation_size(oid)\/1024 || 'K' AS size FROM pg_class WHERE relkind='i' AND relname = 'testtable_idx';\n relname | size\n----------------+------\n testtable_idx | 1240K\n(1 row)\n#2. \u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u8868\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\npostgres=# DELETE FROM testtable WHERE i > 20000;\nDELETE 50006\n#3. \u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be5\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u540e\u9762\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u7ee7\u7eed\u67e5\u770b\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\npostgres=# ANALYZE testtable;\nANALYZE\n#4. \u4ece\u8be5\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e76\u672a\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u548c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u3002\npostgres=# SELECT pg_relation_size('testtable_idx')\/1024 || 'K' AS size;\n size\n------\n 1240K\n(1 row)\n#5. \u91cd\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\npostgres=# REINDEX INDEX testtable_idx;\nREINDEX\n#6. \u67e5\u770b\u91cd\u5efa\u540e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u5b9e\u9645\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5df2\u7ecf\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\npostgres=# SELECT pg_relation_size('testtable_idx')\/1024 || 'K' AS size;\n size\n------\n 368K\n(1 row)\n#7. \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\u91cd\u5efa\u540e\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u8868\u3002\npostgres=# ANALYZE testtable;\nANALYZE<\/code><\/pre>\n\u4e94\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n
1. \u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u8868\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u9875\u9762\u6570\u91cf\u3002\n#relpages\u53ea\u80fd\u88abVACUUM\u3001ANALYZE\u548c\u51e0\u4e2aDDL\u547d\u4ee4\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5982CREATE INDEX\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a8K\u5b57\u8282\u3002\npostgres=# SELECT relfilenode, relpages FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'testtable';\n relfilenode | relpages\n-------------+----------\n 16412 | 79\n(1 row)\n\n2. \u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u5360\u7528\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u9875\u9762\u6570\u91cf\u3002\npostgres=# SELECT c2.relname, c2.relpages FROM pg_class c, pg_class c2, pg_index i\n WHERE c.relname = 'testtable' AND c.oid = i.indrelid AND c2.oid = i.indexrelid\n ORDER BY c2.relname;\n relname | relpages\n---------------+----------\n testtable_idx | 46\n(1 row)<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u4e8c\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a CREATE DATABASE db_name OWNER role_name; \u4e09\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a PostgreSQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e00\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u7279\u6b8a\u503c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u914d\u7f6e\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7f3a\u7701\u503c\u3002 ALTER DATABASE db_name SET varname TO new_value; \u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u503c\u5df2\u7ecf\u751f\u6548\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u64a4\u6d88\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5e76\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u539f\u6709\u7684\u7f3a\u7701\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 ALTER DATABASE dbname RESET varname; \u56db\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a \u53ea\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5c06\u4f1a\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6062\u590d\u7684\u3002\u89c1\u5982\u4e0b\u5220\u9664SQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a DROP DATABASE db_name; \u4e94\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a \u5728PostgreSQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u7ec4\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8be5\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u4e00\u4e2aPostgreSQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u5e03\u5c40\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u5ea6\u7b49\u53c2\u7167\u6765\u89c4\u5212\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u51cf\u5c11IO\u7b49\u5f85\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f18\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u8fd0\u884c\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u653e\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u56fa\u6001\u786c\u76d8\u3002\u800c\u5c06\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u6162\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002 CREATE TABLESPACE fastspace LOCATION ‘\/mnt\/sda1\/postgresql\/data’; \u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e14\u5c5e\u4e8ePostgreSQL\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5982postgres\u3002\u5728\u6210\u529f\u521b\u5efa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u8be5\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u3002 \u5728PostgreSQL\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6210\u529f\u521b\u5efa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8\u666e\u901a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u5728\u5176\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e86\u3002\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u6388\u4e88CREATE\u6743\u9650\u3002\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u3002\u89c1\u5982\u4e0bSQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a CREATE TABLE foo(i int) TABLESPACE space1; \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539default_tablespace\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u6210\u4e3a\u7f3a\u7701\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c06\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u5728\u7f3a\u7701\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\uff1a SET default_tablespace = space1; CREATE TABLE foo(i int); \u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u8981\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528DROP TABLESPACE\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8981\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5c06\u8be5\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u5168\u90e8\u5220\u9664\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u5728\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002 \u8981\u68c0\u7d22\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dpg_tablespace\u4e3aPostgreSQL\u4e2d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8868\u3002 SELECT spcname FROM pg_tablespace; \u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7psql\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\\db\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u51fa\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002 \u4e00\u3001\u6062\u590d\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a \u5728PostgreSQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528delete\u548cupdate\u8bed\u53e5\u5220\u9664\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u884c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5b9e\u9645\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u6570\u636e\u884c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u4e0a\u5c06\u8be5\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u6216\u5df2\u8fc7\u671f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53d8\u5316\u6781\u4e3a\u9891\u7e41\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u540e\u8be5\u8868\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5374\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u671f\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u53d8\u5316\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868\u6267\u884cVACUUM\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 VACUUM\u547d\u4ee4\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0cVACUUM\u548cVACUUM FULL\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u89c1\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u683c\uff1a \u65e0VACUUM VACUUM VACUUM FULL \u5220\u9664\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u540e \u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5df2\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u8be5\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5220\u9664\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8868\u7684\u672b\u7aef\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u7269\u7406\u91ca\u653e\u5e76\u5f52\u8fd8\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u672b\u7aef\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u8868\u6216\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cd\u65b0\u7f6e\u4e3a\u53ef\u7528\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u4eca\u540e\u6709\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u63d2\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u7528\u5b8c\u65f6\uff0c\u518d\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u9875\u9762\u3002 \u4e0d\u8bba\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u5904\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7684\u672b\u7aef\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u7269\u7406\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u5e76\u5f52\u8fd8\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u6709\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u63d2\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5206\u914d\u65b0\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u9875\u9762\u4ee5\u4f9b\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 \u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387 \u7531\u4e8e\u53ea\u662f\u72b6\u6001\u7f6e\u4e3a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002 \u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c\u7684PostgreSQL(v9.1)\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8868\u6216\u7d22\u5f15\u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u5165\u5230\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u5220\u9664\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5bfc\u5165\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5f53\u524d\u78c1\u76d8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[89],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1635","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-postgres-db"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneai.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1635","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneai.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneai.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneai.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneai.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1635"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/oneai.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1635\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1636,"href":"https:\/\/oneai.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1635\/revisions\/1636"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneai.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1635"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneai.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1635"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneai.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1635"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}